Перевод: со всех языков на английский

с английского на все языки

the set of a current

  • 1 set the bar

    HR
    to motivate staff by setting targets that are above their current level of achievement

    The ultimate business dictionary > set the bar

  • 2 направление течения реки

    1) Construction: thread of stream

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > направление течения реки

  • 3 удовлетворять

    •

    The pickup fills the requirements.

    •

    The rate data fit Eq. () satisfactorily.

    •

    Samples will fit your requirements.

    •

    The set of curves fits the theory.

    •

    The heaters match our requirements.

    •

    The tube meets the specifications (or standards).

    •

    The current obeys this equation.

    •

    To satisfy the need for...

    Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > удовлетворять

  • 4 tema

    m.
    1 subject (asunto).
    cambiar de tema to change the subject
    temas de actualidad current affairs
    tema de conversación talking point, topic of conversation
    3 theme (Music).
    4 obsession, mania.
    5 musical track, track.
    pres.subj.
    1st person singular (yo) Present Subjunctive of Spanish verb: temer.
    * * *
    1 (de discurso, escrito, etc) topic, subject, theme
    2 (de examen) subject
    3 MÚSICA theme
    4 GRAMÁTICA root, stem, theme
    \
    atenerse al tema to keep/stick to the point
    cada loco con su tema familiar everyone has his hobbyhorse
    salir(se) del tema to go off at a tangent, get sidetracked
    tema de actualidad current news item, current topic of interest
    * * *
    noun m.
    theme, topic
    * * *
    SM
    1) (=asunto) subject

    el tema de su discurso — the subject o theme of his speech

    • pasar del tema *, -¿qué piensas de las elecciones? -paso del tema — "what do you think about the elections?" - "I couldn't care less about them" *

    2) (Ling) [de palabra] stem; [de oración] theme
    3) (Mús) theme
    * * *
    1)
    a) (asunto, cuestión) matter; (de conferencia, composición) topic; ( de examen) subject; (Art, Cin, Lit) subject
    b) (Mús) ( motivo) theme
    2) (Ling) stem
    * * *
    = subject, theme, topic, locus [loci, -pl.], rubric, item of business, thread, question, topic area, issue.
    Ex. What is a subject?.
    Ex. Informative abstracts are appropriate for texts describing experimental work, and document with a central theme.
    Ex. A book index is an alphabetically arranged list of words or terms leading the reader to the numbers of pages on which specific topics are considered, or on which specific names appear.
    Ex. The locus of government policy making has been shifted to the Ministry of Research and Technology.
    Ex. And, as another instance, it's not fair to employ rubrics for ethnic groups that are not their own, preferred names.
    Ex. The Midwinter Meeting of the American Library Association included various items of business such as: the ALA stand on UNESCO; a new dues schedule; grants; role of school librarians in ALA; new cataloguing tools; and standards.
    Ex. The thread linking these giants is the acknowledgement that libraries exist to serve their users.
    Ex. The question is not how much time we have, but what we do with it and how we utilize it.
    Ex. This is the second revision of the topic areas in as many years.
    Ex. These issues are reviewed more thoroughly in chapter 10.
    ----
    * analizar un tema = explore + theme.
    * biblioteca especializada en temas polares = polar library.
    * biblioteconomía relacionada con los temas de las bibliotecas escolare = school librarianship.
    * cambiando de tema = on another topic, on another matter, on another note, on other matters.
    * centrado en un tema específico = topic-centred.
    * clasificado por temas = classified.
    * de acuerdo con el tema = thematically.
    * debate por tema de interés = breakout discussion.
    * desviarse del tema = go off on + a tangent, go off at + a tangent, wander off + track, wander off + topic, go off + the track, get off + the track.
    * desviarse del tema en cuestión = go off on + another track.
    * desviarse del tema principal = sidetrack.
    * desviarse de un tema temporalmente = go off on + side excursions.
    * divagar sobre varios temas = roam over + topics.
    * editor de temas educativos = educational publisher.
    * el tema de la discusión = the focus of the discussion.
    * el tema del debate = the focus of the discussion.
    * entendido en el tema = knowledgeable.
    * establecer el tema = set + the theme.
    * estar con el tema = be on the topic.
    * estar hablando del tema = be on the topic.
    * estudiar un tema = pursue + subject.
    * evitar temas delicados = eschew + issues.
    * evitar un tema = skirt + issue, tiptoe around + issue.
    * examinar un tema = explore + theme.
    * frase que recoge el tema principal del artículo = topic sentence.
    * grado de coincidencia entre el tema de un documento y el tema de búsqu = topicality.
    * grupo de trabajo por tema de interés = breakout group.
    * interesarse por el tema = enter + the field.
    * mencionar un tema = broach + subject, broach + topic, touch on + a point.
    * número de tema = thematic index number.
    * organizado alrededor de un tema = theme-based.
    * por temas = topically.
    * profundizar sobre un tema = go into + detail.
    * que no tiene que ver con el tema debatido = off-topic.
    * reunión por temas de interés = breakout session.
    * sacar a colación un tema = bring up + topic, bring up + subject.
    * sección de temas locales = local studies department, local studies library, local studies collection.
    * sesión por tema de interés = breakout session.
    * tema candente = hot topic, hot issue, burning issue, burning question, hot potato.
    * tema central = motif.
    * tema clave = key area.
    * tema común = common thread.
    * tema controvertido = vexed issue, vexing issue.
    * tema de actualidad = topical theme, current issue, hot topic.
    * tema de aprovechamiento político = political football.
    * tema de búsqueda = search topic.
    * tema de conversación = talking point.
    * tema de debate = thesis, talking point, subject of debate, discussion topic.
    * tema de discusión = discussion topic.
    * tema de estudio = study area, under study.
    * tema de importancia secundaria = footnote.
    * tema de interés = area of concern, area of enquiry [area of inquiry], area of interest, focus area, issue of concern, topic of interest.
    * tema de investigación = area of enquiry [area of inquiry], research question, research topic.
    * tema delicado = sore subject, sore spot, sore point, sensitive issue, hot potato.
    * tema de preocupación = issue of concern.
    * tema de secundaria importancia = footnote.
    * tema espinoso = sore subject, sore spot, sore point.
    * tema favorito = hobby-horse.
    * tema muerto = dead issue.
    * tema polémico = vexed issue, vexing issue.
    * tema principal = dominant theme, main focus, leitmotif.
    * temas africanos = Africana.
    * temas de actualidad = current affairs.
    * temas de interés de los usuarios = user interests.
    * temas de interés particular = particular concerns.
    * tema sensible = sore subject, sore spot, sore point.
    * tema tratado = aboutness.
    * tocar un tema = touch on + a point.
    * tratar un tema = broach + subject, broach + topic, address + theme, address + topic.
    * tratar un tema conocido = tread + familiar ground.
    * tratar un tema en detalle = go into + detail.
    * * *
    1)
    a) (asunto, cuestión) matter; (de conferencia, composición) topic; ( de examen) subject; (Art, Cin, Lit) subject
    b) (Mús) ( motivo) theme
    2) (Ling) stem
    * * *
    = subject, theme, topic, locus [loci, -pl.], rubric, item of business, thread, question, topic area, issue.

    Ex: What is a subject?.

    Ex: Informative abstracts are appropriate for texts describing experimental work, and document with a central theme.
    Ex: A book index is an alphabetically arranged list of words or terms leading the reader to the numbers of pages on which specific topics are considered, or on which specific names appear.
    Ex: The locus of government policy making has been shifted to the Ministry of Research and Technology.
    Ex: And, as another instance, it's not fair to employ rubrics for ethnic groups that are not their own, preferred names.
    Ex: The Midwinter Meeting of the American Library Association included various items of business such as: the ALA stand on UNESCO; a new dues schedule; grants; role of school librarians in ALA; new cataloguing tools; and standards.
    Ex: The thread linking these giants is the acknowledgement that libraries exist to serve their users.
    Ex: The question is not how much time we have, but what we do with it and how we utilize it.
    Ex: This is the second revision of the topic areas in as many years.
    Ex: These issues are reviewed more thoroughly in chapter 10.
    * analizar un tema = explore + theme.
    * biblioteca especializada en temas polares = polar library.
    * biblioteconomía relacionada con los temas de las bibliotecas escolare = school librarianship.
    * cambiando de tema = on another topic, on another matter, on another note, on other matters.
    * centrado en un tema específico = topic-centred.
    * clasificado por temas = classified.
    * de acuerdo con el tema = thematically.
    * debate por tema de interés = breakout discussion.
    * desviarse del tema = go off on + a tangent, go off at + a tangent, wander off + track, wander off + topic, go off + the track, get off + the track.
    * desviarse del tema en cuestión = go off on + another track.
    * desviarse del tema principal = sidetrack.
    * desviarse de un tema temporalmente = go off on + side excursions.
    * divagar sobre varios temas = roam over + topics.
    * editor de temas educativos = educational publisher.
    * el tema de la discusión = the focus of the discussion.
    * el tema del debate = the focus of the discussion.
    * entendido en el tema = knowledgeable.
    * establecer el tema = set + the theme.
    * estar con el tema = be on the topic.
    * estar hablando del tema = be on the topic.
    * estudiar un tema = pursue + subject.
    * evitar temas delicados = eschew + issues.
    * evitar un tema = skirt + issue, tiptoe around + issue.
    * examinar un tema = explore + theme.
    * frase que recoge el tema principal del artículo = topic sentence.
    * grado de coincidencia entre el tema de un documento y el tema de búsqu = topicality.
    * grupo de trabajo por tema de interés = breakout group.
    * interesarse por el tema = enter + the field.
    * mencionar un tema = broach + subject, broach + topic, touch on + a point.
    * número de tema = thematic index number.
    * organizado alrededor de un tema = theme-based.
    * por temas = topically.
    * profundizar sobre un tema = go into + detail.
    * que no tiene que ver con el tema debatido = off-topic.
    * reunión por temas de interés = breakout session.
    * sacar a colación un tema = bring up + topic, bring up + subject.
    * sección de temas locales = local studies department, local studies library, local studies collection.
    * sesión por tema de interés = breakout session.
    * tema candente = hot topic, hot issue, burning issue, burning question, hot potato.
    * tema central = motif.
    * tema clave = key area.
    * tema común = common thread.
    * tema controvertido = vexed issue, vexing issue.
    * tema de actualidad = topical theme, current issue, hot topic.
    * tema de aprovechamiento político = political football.
    * tema de búsqueda = search topic.
    * tema de conversación = talking point.
    * tema de debate = thesis, talking point, subject of debate, discussion topic.
    * tema de discusión = discussion topic.
    * tema de estudio = study area, under study.
    * tema de importancia secundaria = footnote.
    * tema de interés = area of concern, area of enquiry [area of inquiry], area of interest, focus area, issue of concern, topic of interest.
    * tema de investigación = area of enquiry [area of inquiry], research question, research topic.
    * tema delicado = sore subject, sore spot, sore point, sensitive issue, hot potato.
    * tema de preocupación = issue of concern.
    * tema de secundaria importancia = footnote.
    * tema espinoso = sore subject, sore spot, sore point.
    * tema favorito = hobby-horse.
    * tema muerto = dead issue.
    * tema polémico = vexed issue, vexing issue.
    * tema principal = dominant theme, main focus, leitmotif.
    * temas africanos = Africana.
    * temas de actualidad = current affairs.
    * temas de interés de los usuarios = user interests.
    * temas de interés particular = particular concerns.
    * tema sensible = sore subject, sore spot, sore point.
    * tema tratado = aboutness.
    * tocar un tema = touch on + a point.
    * tratar un tema = broach + subject, broach + topic, address + theme, address + topic.
    * tratar un tema conocido = tread + familiar ground.
    * tratar un tema en detalle = go into + detail.

    * * *
    A
    1 (asunto, materia) subject
    ¿no tienes otro tema de conversación? don't you ever talk about anything else?
    nos estamos alejando del tema we're getting off the subject o point
    procuren ceñirse al tema del debate please try to keep to the point o subject o topic of the discussion
    en el programa se tratan temas de actualidad the program deals with current issues
    el tema de la novela the subject matter of the novel
    hay que preparar 20 temas para el examen you have to prepare 20 subjects o topics for the exam
    2 ( Art, Mús) (motivo) theme
    el tema central de la película the central theme of the film
    B ( Ling) stem
    * * *

     

    Del verbo temer: ( conjugate temer)

    tema es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) presente subjuntivo

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente subjuntivo

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) imperativo

    Multiple Entries:
    tema    
    temer
    tema sustantivo masculino
    a) (asunto, cuestión) matter;

    (de conferencia, composición) topic;
    ( de examen) subject;
    (Art, Cin, Lit) subject;

    tema de conversación topic of conversation;
    cambiar de tema to change the subject
    b) (Mús) ( motivo) theme

    temer ( conjugate temer) verbo transitivo ‹castigo/reacción› to fear, dread;
    ‹ persona› to be afraid of;

    temo ofenderlo I'm afraid of offending him
    verbo intransitivo
    to be afraid;
    no temas don't be afraid
    temerse verbo pronominal


    me temo que tená razón I fear that he was right


    tema sustantivo masculino
    1 (de un libro, una conversación) subject, topic: no cambies de tema, don't change the subject
    2 (de una tesis, clase, conferencia) topic: no me preparé ese tema, I haven't studied that subject
    nos dio una conferencia sobre el tema, he gave us a lecture on the topic
    3 Mús theme
    ♦ Locuciones: familiar (cada uno a lo suyo) cada loco con su tema, each to his/her own
    temer
    I verbo transitivo
    1 (sentir miedo, temor) to fear, be afraid: temo que lo haya oído, I'm afraid she heard it
    sus hijos lo temen, his sons are afraid of him
    2 (tener un presagio, presentir) temíamos que no viniera, we were afraid he wouldn't come
    II verbo intransitivo to be afraid: temo por su vida, I'm afraid for his life ➣ Ver nota en afraid y fear
    ' tema' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    abordar
    - acotar
    - adentrarse
    - ahondar
    - apartarse
    - braga
    - capítulo
    - ceñirse
    - circunscribirse
    - concretar
    - desviarse
    - empaparse
    - en
    - enfoque
    - enjuiciar
    - enjundia
    - espinosa
    - espinoso
    - ilustrar
    - jota
    - liosa
    - lioso
    - materia
    - oscuras
    - palpitante
    - particular
    - poca
    - poco
    - rehuir
    - repasar
    - soslayo
    - trabajo
    - actualidad
    - apartar
    - apasionante
    - apasionar
    - cambiar
    - candente
    - ceñir
    - conflictivo
    - conocer
    - controvertido
    - cuanto
    - cuestión
    - dar
    - delicado
    - desarrollar
    - desviar
    - discusión
    - divagar
    English:
    about
    - affair
    - agenda
    - anyhow
    - bring forward
    - bring up
    - central
    - change
    - depart
    - dominant
    - enlarge
    - euthanasia
    - get off
    - get on to
    - get onto
    - go off
    - hobbyhorse
    - ignorance
    - issue
    - motif
    - point
    - stray
    - subject
    - switch
    - talking point
    - theme
    - topic
    - touch on
    - touchy
    - bearing
    - drop
    - get
    - go
    - matter
    - side
    - sore
    - talking
    - track
    - turn
    - whichever
    - wrong
    * * *
    tema nm
    1. [asunto] subject;
    será mejor no sacar/tocar ese tema it would be best not to bring up that subject;
    ¿de qué tema quieres que hablemos? what do you want to talk about?;
    el tema de la película son las drogas the film deals with drugs;
    alejarse o [m5] salirse del tema to wander off the subject;
    cambiar de tema to change the subject;
    Fam
    el tema es que necesita ayuda the fact of the matter is she needs help
    temas de actualidad current affairs;
    tema de conversación talking point, topic of conversation;
    tema espinoso thorny issue
    2. [lección, unidad] topic;
    en el examen entran cinco temas the exam covers five topics
    3. [canción] track, song;
    una versión de un viejo tema a cover of an old song
    4. Mús [melodía básica] theme;
    el tema principal de la suite the main theme of the suite
    5. Ling theme
    * * *
    m de conversación subject, topic; MÚS, de novela theme
    * * *
    tema nm
    1) asunto: theme, topic, subject
    2) motivo: motif, central theme
    * * *
    tema n
    1. (en general) subject
    2. (canción) song

    Spanish-English dictionary > tema

  • 5 archivo

    m.
    1 archive (place).
    2 file (informe, ficha).
    3 file (computing).
    4 file cabinet, filing cabinet.
    pres.indicat.
    1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: archivar.
    * * *
    1 (informe, ficha) file
    2 (documentos) files plural, archives plural
    4 (lugar) archive
    5 (archivador) filing cabinet
    6 figurado (modelo) model, example
    * * *
    noun m.
    1) file
    * * *
    SM
    1) (=sitio) archive, archives pl
    2) (=documentos)

    archivos policiales — police files, police records

    3) (Inform) file
    4)

    de archivo — * (=viejo) ancient, out of the ark

    5) And (=oficina) office
    6) Cono Sur, Méx (=cárcel) jail, prison
    * * *
    1) ( local) archive; ( conjunto de documentos) tb

    archivos — archives (pl), archive

    2) (Inf) file
    * * *
    = archive(s), archives, file, filing, filing cabinet, repository, vertical file, archiving, working file, archival institution, archive office.
    Ex. Archives are set of non-current archival documents preserved, with or without selection, by those responsible for their creation or by their successors for their own use or by other organizations because of their enduring value.
    Ex. The organization for the acquisition and preservation of archives and placing them at the disposal of users is known as archives.
    Ex. Information is held in files or databases, which are comprised of records, which in turn are comprised of fields or data items, which again may be comprised of subfields or data elements.
    Ex. The schedule allows the filing of photographs under headings that designate photographic processes or apparatus.
    Ex. Photographs are normally kept in drawers of standard filing cabinets, with folders or pockets, or both.
    Ex. Repositories have broad mandates to acquire records, including business records, of cultural and historical importance to their respective communities.
    Ex. The fugitive literature of acid rain: making use of nonconventional information sources in a vertical file.
    Ex. Duplicating, archiving, and the option of computerised indexing is also discussed = También se trata de la duplicación, archivo y de la opción de indización automática.
    Ex. The archives contain mainly the Papal working files of other days.
    Ex. Archival institutions are outstripping libraries in the establishment of shops for the curative treatment of holdings.
    Ex. Powys is a very large, thinly populated, mountainous county in Wales where the archive office was established only in 1990.
    ----
    * administración de archivos = archive(s) administration.
    * administrativo encargado de los archivos = file clerk.
    * almacenamiento de archivo = archival storage.
    * archivo administrativo = record office, administrative archives, administrative library.
    * Archivo Británico de Documentos Públicos = British Public Record Office.
    * archivo comprimido = zip file.
    * archivo de datos = database [data base].
    * archivo de documentos administrativos = public record office.
    * archivo de empresa = business archives.
    * archivo de escuela = school records.
    * archivo de funeraria = funeral home library.
    * archivo de imágenes = image archiving, picture file.
    * Archivo del Vaticano, el = Vatican Archives, the, Vatican Archives, the.
    * archivo de oficina = office file.
    * archivo de ordenador = computer file, machine-readable data file.
    * archivo de periódico = news library.
    * archivo de prensa = newspaper morgue.
    * archivo de programas = programme file.
    * archivo de recortes = clipping file [cuttings file, -UK], cuttings file [clipping file, -USA].
    * archivo de recortes de prensa = newspaper clippings archives.
    * archivo de recursos electrónico = electronic repository [e-repository].
    * archivo de sindicato = trade-union archive.
    * archivo eclesiástico = church register.
    * archivo electrónico = machine-readable data file.
    * archivo estatal = state archive.
    * archivo étnico = ethnic archives.
    * archivo familiar = estate archive.
    * archivo fotográfico = picture archive, photographic library.
    * archivo histórico = historical archives.
    * archivo ministerial = departmental records.
    * archivo municipal = municipal archives, city archive.
    * archivo nacional = national archives.
    * Archivo Nacional Americano = United States National Archives.
    * archivo parlamentario = parliamentary archive(s).
    * archivo parroquial = parish register, parish records.
    * archivo particular = family archive.
    * archivo personal = private archives, personal archive(s), personal records.
    * archivo plano = flat file.
    * archivo presidencial = presidential archive.
    * archivo privado = private archives.
    * archivo provincial = provincial archives.
    * archivo público = public archive.
    * archivo regional = regional archives.
    * archivo senatorial = senatorial papers.
    * archivo sonoro = sound archive.
    * Asociación Internacional de Archivos Sonoros (IASA) = International Association of Sound Archives (IASA).
    * comprimir un archivo = zip + file.
    * Consejo Internacional de Archivos (CIA) = International Council on Archives (ICA).
    * conservación de archivos = archival preservation.
    * conservador del archivo = archives custodian.
    * conservar en archivo = archive.
    * copia de archivo = archival print.
    * de archivo = archival, archive.
    * depósito de archivo = archival depot, archives depot.
    * descomprimir un archivo = unzip + file.
    * Descripción de Archivos Codificada (EAD) = Encoded Archival Description (EAD).
    * descripción de documentos de archivo = archival description.
    * disco de archivo = archival disc.
    * documento de archivo = archival document, archival record, archival file, archival print.
    * gestión de archivos = management of records.
    * gestión de archivos personales = personal archives management, personal records management.
    * grabaciones filmadas de archivo = library footage, stock footage.
    * historia de los archivos = archival history.
    * información de archivo = archival information.
    * la Biblioteca y el Archivo de Canadá = Library and Archives Canada.
    * Manual de Descripción de Archivos = Manual of Archival Description (MAD).
    * material de archivo = archival material, archive material.
    * nombre de archivo = file name.
    * nombre del archivo = data set name.
    * Norma General Internacional para la Descripción de Archivos (ISAD-G) = General International Standard Archival Description (ISAD(G)).
    * Norma Internacional para la Descripción de Archivos (ISAD) = International Standard Archival Description (ISAD).
    * ordenación en archivos = vertical filing.
    * pieza de archivo = archival file.
    * preservación de archivos = archival preservation.
    * Programa de Gestión de Registros y Archivos (RAMP) = Records and Archives Management Programme (RAMP).
    * reproducción de archivo = archival print.
    * seleccionador de documentación de archivo = archival appraiser.
    * sistema de archivo = archiving system.
    * Sistema de Comunicaciones y de Archivo Fotográfico (PACS) = Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS).
    * unidad de archivos de ordenador múltiples = multi-file item.
    * vida de archivo = archival life.
    * * *
    1) ( local) archive; ( conjunto de documentos) tb

    archivos — archives (pl), archive

    2) (Inf) file
    * * *
    = archive(s), archives, file, filing, filing cabinet, repository, vertical file, archiving, working file, archival institution, archive office.

    Ex: Archives are set of non-current archival documents preserved, with or without selection, by those responsible for their creation or by their successors for their own use or by other organizations because of their enduring value.

    Ex: The organization for the acquisition and preservation of archives and placing them at the disposal of users is known as archives.
    Ex: Information is held in files or databases, which are comprised of records, which in turn are comprised of fields or data items, which again may be comprised of subfields or data elements.
    Ex: The schedule allows the filing of photographs under headings that designate photographic processes or apparatus.
    Ex: Photographs are normally kept in drawers of standard filing cabinets, with folders or pockets, or both.
    Ex: Repositories have broad mandates to acquire records, including business records, of cultural and historical importance to their respective communities.
    Ex: The fugitive literature of acid rain: making use of nonconventional information sources in a vertical file.
    Ex: Duplicating, archiving, and the option of computerised indexing is also discussed = También se trata de la duplicación, archivo y de la opción de indización automática.
    Ex: The archives contain mainly the Papal working files of other days.
    Ex: Archival institutions are outstripping libraries in the establishment of shops for the curative treatment of holdings.
    Ex: Powys is a very large, thinly populated, mountainous county in Wales where the archive office was established only in 1990.
    * administración de archivos = archive(s) administration.
    * administrativo encargado de los archivos = file clerk.
    * almacenamiento de archivo = archival storage.
    * archivo administrativo = record office, administrative archives, administrative library.
    * Archivo Británico de Documentos Públicos = British Public Record Office.
    * archivo comprimido = zip file.
    * archivo de datos = database [data base].
    * archivo de documentos administrativos = public record office.
    * archivo de empresa = business archives.
    * archivo de escuela = school records.
    * archivo de funeraria = funeral home library.
    * archivo de imágenes = image archiving, picture file.
    * Archivo del Vaticano, el = Vatican Archives, the, Vatican Archives, the.
    * archivo de oficina = office file.
    * archivo de ordenador = computer file, machine-readable data file.
    * archivo de periódico = news library.
    * archivo de prensa = newspaper morgue.
    * archivo de programas = programme file.
    * archivo de recortes = clipping file [cuttings file, -UK], cuttings file [clipping file, -USA].
    * archivo de recortes de prensa = newspaper clippings archives.
    * archivo de recursos electrónico = electronic repository [e-repository].
    * archivo de sindicato = trade-union archive.
    * archivo eclesiástico = church register.
    * archivo electrónico = machine-readable data file.
    * archivo estatal = state archive.
    * archivo étnico = ethnic archives.
    * archivo familiar = estate archive.
    * archivo fotográfico = picture archive, photographic library.
    * archivo histórico = historical archives.
    * archivo ministerial = departmental records.
    * archivo municipal = municipal archives, city archive.
    * archivo nacional = national archives.
    * Archivo Nacional Americano = United States National Archives.
    * archivo parlamentario = parliamentary archive(s).
    * archivo parroquial = parish register, parish records.
    * archivo particular = family archive.
    * archivo personal = private archives, personal archive(s), personal records.
    * archivo plano = flat file.
    * archivo presidencial = presidential archive.
    * archivo privado = private archives.
    * archivo provincial = provincial archives.
    * archivo público = public archive.
    * archivo regional = regional archives.
    * archivo senatorial = senatorial papers.
    * archivo sonoro = sound archive.
    * Asociación Internacional de Archivos Sonoros (IASA) = International Association of Sound Archives (IASA).
    * comprimir un archivo = zip + file.
    * Consejo Internacional de Archivos (CIA) = International Council on Archives (ICA).
    * conservación de archivos = archival preservation.
    * conservador del archivo = archives custodian.
    * conservar en archivo = archive.
    * copia de archivo = archival print.
    * de archivo = archival, archive.
    * depósito de archivo = archival depot, archives depot.
    * descomprimir un archivo = unzip + file.
    * Descripción de Archivos Codificada (EAD) = Encoded Archival Description (EAD).
    * descripción de documentos de archivo = archival description.
    * disco de archivo = archival disc.
    * documento de archivo = archival document, archival record, archival file, archival print.
    * gestión de archivos = management of records.
    * gestión de archivos personales = personal archives management, personal records management.
    * grabaciones filmadas de archivo = library footage, stock footage.
    * historia de los archivos = archival history.
    * información de archivo = archival information.
    * la Biblioteca y el Archivo de Canadá = Library and Archives Canada.
    * Manual de Descripción de Archivos = Manual of Archival Description (MAD).
    * material de archivo = archival material, archive material.
    * nombre de archivo = file name.
    * nombre del archivo = data set name.
    * Norma General Internacional para la Descripción de Archivos (ISAD-G) = General International Standard Archival Description (ISAD(G)).
    * Norma Internacional para la Descripción de Archivos (ISAD) = International Standard Archival Description (ISAD).
    * ordenación en archivos = vertical filing.
    * pieza de archivo = archival file.
    * preservación de archivos = archival preservation.
    * Programa de Gestión de Registros y Archivos (RAMP) = Records and Archives Management Programme (RAMP).
    * reproducción de archivo = archival print.
    * seleccionador de documentación de archivo = archival appraiser.
    * sistema de archivo = archiving system.
    * Sistema de Comunicaciones y de Archivo Fotográfico (PACS) = Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS).
    * unidad de archivos de ordenador múltiples = multi-file item.
    * vida de archivo = archival life.

    * * *
    A
    1 (local) archive
    archivos archives (pl), archive
    los archivos de la policía the police files o records
    Compuesto:
    picture library
    B ( Inf) file
    Compuestos:
    zip file
    signature file
    swap file
    source file
    ● archivo or fichero de autoridad
    ( Inf, Ling) authority file
    master file
    ● archivo MP3 or emepetres
    MP3 file
    ● archivo zip or ( AmL tb) zipeado
    zip file
    * * *

     

    Del verbo archivar: ( conjugate archivar)

    archivo es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

    archivó es:

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

    Multiple Entries:
    archivar    
    archivo
    archivar ( conjugate archivar) verbo transitivo ‹ documentos› to file;
    ‹investigación/asunto› ( por un tiempo) to shelve;
    ( para siempre) to close the file on
    archivo sustantivo masculino
    a) ( local) archive;

    ( conjunto de documentos) tb

    los archivos de la policía the police files o records
    b) (Inf) file

    archivar verbo transitivo
    1 (guardar) to file (away)
    2 (considerar concluido) to shelve
    3 Inform to save
    archivo sustantivo masculino
    1 (documento) file
    2 (archivador) filing cabinet
    3 (edificio, lugar) archives pl: me pasé la mañana entera en el archivo municipal, I spent the morning at the city archives
    ' archivo' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    filmoteca
    - borrar
    - constar
    - FTP
    - kárdex
    English:
    file
    - record
    - archive
    - mug
    * * *
    1. [lugar] archive;
    TV
    imágenes de archivo library pictures
    el Archivo de Indias = archive in Seville storing documents relating to the administration of Spain's colonial empire
    2. [documentos] archives
    3. Informát file
    archivo adjunto attachment;
    archivo ejecutable executable file;
    archivo invisible invisible file;
    archivo oculto hidden file;
    archivo temporal temporary file;
    archivo de texto text file
    * * *
    m
    1 archive
    2 INFOR file
    * * *
    1) : file
    2) : archive, archives pl
    * * *
    archivo n (de policía, informática) file

    Spanish-English dictionary > archivo

  • 6 récord

    adj.
    record.
    m.
    record.
    * * *
    1 record
    1 record
    * * *
    noun m.
    * * *
    ['rekor]
    1.
    ADJ INV record
    2.
    SM
    (pl récords, records) ['rekor] record
    * * *
    I
    record adjetivo invariable record (before n)
    II
    record masculino (pl - cords) record
    * * *
    = record, bumper, record-high.
    Ex. She urges a boycott of California as a library conference venue until the state improves its current record of the worst school library provision in the US.
    Ex. The period of 1967 and late 1966 brought in a bumper crop of user studies.
    Ex. Record-high bank fees are making it harder for consumers to stay financially afloat.
    ----
    * batidor de récords = record breaker.
    * batir un récord = set + record, break + record, shatter + record.
    * establecer un record = establish + a record.
    * que bate todos los récords = record breaking.
    * récord mundial = world record.
    * récord personal = personal record.
    * * *
    I
    record adjetivo invariable record (before n)
    II
    record masculino (pl - cords) record
    * * *
    = record, bumper, record-high.

    Ex: She urges a boycott of California as a library conference venue until the state improves its current record of the worst school library provision in the US.

    Ex: The period of 1967 and late 1966 brought in a bumper crop of user studies.
    Ex: Record-high bank fees are making it harder for consumers to stay financially afloat.
    * batidor de récords = record breaker.
    * batir un récord = set + record, break + record, shatter + record.
    * establecer un record = establish + a record.
    * que bate todos los récords = record breaking.
    * récord mundial = world record.
    * récord personal = personal record.

    * * *
    record ( before n)
    lo hizo en un tiempo récord she did it in record time
    (pl - cords)
    record
    batir un récord to break a record
    posee el récord mundial en salto de longitud she holds the world long jump record, she is the world record holder in the long jump
    * * *

    récord,
    ◊ record adjetivo invariable

    record ( before n)
    ■ sustantivo masculino (pl -cords) record;
    batir un récord to break a record;
    posee el récord mundial she is the world record holder
    récord sustantivo masculino record
    batir un récord, to break a record

    ' récord' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    acta
    - antecedente
    - batir
    - cariño
    - cartilla
    - consignar
    - constar
    - disco
    - discográfica
    - discográfico
    - discoteca
    - establecer
    - expediente
    - fichar
    - fichada
    - fichado
    - grabar
    - historial
    - hoja
    - minuta
    - nublar
    - palmarés
    - plusmarca
    - plusmarquista
    - pulverizar
    - registrar
    - repercutir
    - soporte
    - superar
    - tocadiscos
    - tocata
    - año
    - casa
    - catalogar
    - constancia
    - ficha
    - grabador
    - homologación
    - homologar
    - igualar
    - libro
    - marca
    - mundial
    - olímpico
    - poseedor
    - poseer
    - que
    - registro
    - sello
    - superación
    English:
    aim
    - beat
    - beating
    - break
    - clean
    - criminal record
    - hold
    - holder
    - log
    - off-the-record
    - out
    - police record
    - record
    - record holder
    - record-breaker
    - set
    - smash
    - tape
    - tape-record
    - unbroken
    - world
    - academic
    - account
    - all
    - best
    - book
    - bumper
    - by
    - chart
    - come
    - criminal
    - diary
    - disqualify
    - do
    - enter
    - equal
    - faithfully
    - forthcoming
    - go
    - high
    - history
    - impressive
    - jacket
    - keep
    - liner
    - long
    - LP
    - needle
    - note
    - play
    * * *
    ♦ adj
    record;
    en un tiempo récord in record time
    ♦ nm
    record;
    batir un récord to break a record;
    establecer un récord to set a (new) record;
    tener el récord to hold the record
    * * *
    I adj record(-breaking);
    en un tiempo récord in record time
    II m record;
    récord de taquilla box office record
    * * *
    record ['rɛkɔr] nm, pl récords or records [-kɔrs] : record
    record mundial: world record
    ♦ récord or
    record adj
    * * *
    récord n record

    Spanish-English dictionary > récord

  • 7 debido a

    prep.
    due to, as a matter of, for, because of.
    * * *
    due to, owing to, because of
    * * *
    = be reason of, because of, by reason of, by virtue of, due to, for reasons of, in connection with, in light of, in the face of, in the interest(s) of, in the light of, on account of, on grounds, on the grounds that/of, owing to, thanks to, out of, because
    Ex. For fifty years impregnated papers have been used which turn dark at every point where an electrical contact touches them by reason of the chemical change thus produced in a iodine compound included in the paper.
    Ex. This makes him feel somehow defficient and all because of his difficulty in making sense out of words in print with which his troubles began.
    Ex. In order that the picture may not be too commonplace, by reason of sticking to present-day patterns, it may be well to mention one such possibility.
    Ex. For example, the set of documents about 'programmed instruction' forms a class by virtue of sharing the common characteristic of subject content.
    Ex. This is in part due to the different stages of development reached by different libraries.
    Ex. It is important to recognise, then, that a variety of different indexing approaches are inevitable, not only for reasons of history and indexer preference, but because different situations demand different approaches.
    Ex. There is an index to the schedules, but this has been criticised in connection with the size of the entry vocabulary.
    Ex. This is essentially the traditional enterprise of cataloguing theory, but it is explored in light of current standards and developments.
    Ex. In the face of present priorities and staff commitments, the Library feels that it cannot undertake a comprehensive study of the subject heading system that would pave the way for a major restructuring of the system.
    Ex. In the interest of clarity an integrated account of the appropriate added entry headings is to be found in 21.29 and 21.30.
    Ex. In the light of the information explosion, no researcher can now realistically expect to keep pace with developments in his own field, let alone those in allied fields = En vista del crecimiento vertiginoso de la información, siendo realista ahora el investigador no puede mantenerse al día en los avances de su propio campo y mucho menos de los de campos afines.
    Ex. Partly on account of the variety of bases for coverage there is significant overlap between the assortment of abstracting and indexing services.
    Ex. Apart from differing needs of users, indexing approaches may differ on policy grounds.
    Ex. AACR2 has been criticised on the grounds that it does not identify the cataloguing unit to which the rules refer.
    Ex. The simplest KWIC indexes are unattractive and tedious to scan owing to their physical format and typeface.
    Ex. It is a matter of some small pride that my account of the eighteenth edition of Dewey appeared at about the same time as the official publication of the scheme itself, thanks to the cooperation of the editor, Mr Ben Custer.
    Ex. But these and other interested people collected this type of books out of a mixture of curiosity and sentiment.
    Ex. In practice, many cataloguers favour the direct catalogue partly because it is simpler for the cataloguer to compile.
    * * *
    = be reason of, because of, by reason of, by virtue of, due to, for reasons of, in connection with, in light of, in the face of, in the interest(s) of, in the light of, on account of, on grounds, on the grounds that/of, owing to, thanks to, out of, because

    Ex: For fifty years impregnated papers have been used which turn dark at every point where an electrical contact touches them by reason of the chemical change thus produced in a iodine compound included in the paper.

    Ex: This makes him feel somehow defficient and all because of his difficulty in making sense out of words in print with which his troubles began.
    Ex: In order that the picture may not be too commonplace, by reason of sticking to present-day patterns, it may be well to mention one such possibility.
    Ex: For example, the set of documents about 'programmed instruction' forms a class by virtue of sharing the common characteristic of subject content.
    Ex: This is in part due to the different stages of development reached by different libraries.
    Ex: It is important to recognise, then, that a variety of different indexing approaches are inevitable, not only for reasons of history and indexer preference, but because different situations demand different approaches.
    Ex: There is an index to the schedules, but this has been criticised in connection with the size of the entry vocabulary.
    Ex: This is essentially the traditional enterprise of cataloguing theory, but it is explored in light of current standards and developments.
    Ex: In the face of present priorities and staff commitments, the Library feels that it cannot undertake a comprehensive study of the subject heading system that would pave the way for a major restructuring of the system.
    Ex: In the interest of clarity an integrated account of the appropriate added entry headings is to be found in 21.29 and 21.30.
    Ex: In the light of the information explosion, no researcher can now realistically expect to keep pace with developments in his own field, let alone those in allied fields = En vista del crecimiento vertiginoso de la información, siendo realista ahora el investigador no puede mantenerse al día en los avances de su propio campo y mucho menos de los de campos afines.
    Ex: Partly on account of the variety of bases for coverage there is significant overlap between the assortment of abstracting and indexing services.
    Ex: Apart from differing needs of users, indexing approaches may differ on policy grounds.
    Ex: AACR2 has been criticised on the grounds that it does not identify the cataloguing unit to which the rules refer.
    Ex: The simplest KWIC indexes are unattractive and tedious to scan owing to their physical format and typeface.
    Ex: It is a matter of some small pride that my account of the eighteenth edition of Dewey appeared at about the same time as the official publication of the scheme itself, thanks to the cooperation of the editor, Mr Ben Custer.
    Ex: But these and other interested people collected this type of books out of a mixture of curiosity and sentiment.
    Ex: In practice, many cataloguers favour the direct catalogue partly because it is simpler for the cataloguer to compile.

    Spanish-English dictionary > debido a

  • 8 notificación

    f.
    1 notification, notice, warning.
    2 notification, official notice.
    * * *
    1 notification
    \
    * * *
    * * *
    femenino (frml) notification (frml)
    * * *
    = announcement, notification, paper, alert, disclosure, statement, intimation, notice.
    Ex. Printed current awareness bulletins may be produced from similar facilities to those in above, except that here the announcement will relate only to newly added items.
    Ex. The search profile will only be modified periodically as the quality of the set of notifications output from the search drops to unacceptable levels.
    Ex. In May 1973 a paper was sent to all universities detailing the norms for university library accommodation, whereby the accommodation entitlements were further reduced to about one in five.
    Ex. The author reviews a number of Web sites that offer product warnings and business scam alerts.
    Ex. The patent abstract is a concise statement of the technical disclosure of the patent and must emphasize that which is new in the context of the invention.
    Ex. Statements conveying preferential relationships between terms indicate which terms are to be treated as equivalent to one another.
    Ex. These currents are better understood as intimations of postmodern populism.
    Ex. Notices may be useful in this context for the user who wishes to familiarise himself with the workings of the catalogue before approaching a terminal.
    ----
    * notificación de demanda = notice of demand, notice of demand.
    * notificación oficial = official notification.
    * recibir notificación = receive + notice.
    * * *
    femenino (frml) notification (frml)
    * * *
    = announcement, notification, paper, alert, disclosure, statement, intimation, notice.

    Ex: Printed current awareness bulletins may be produced from similar facilities to those in above, except that here the announcement will relate only to newly added items.

    Ex: The search profile will only be modified periodically as the quality of the set of notifications output from the search drops to unacceptable levels.
    Ex: In May 1973 a paper was sent to all universities detailing the norms for university library accommodation, whereby the accommodation entitlements were further reduced to about one in five.
    Ex: The author reviews a number of Web sites that offer product warnings and business scam alerts.
    Ex: The patent abstract is a concise statement of the technical disclosure of the patent and must emphasize that which is new in the context of the invention.
    Ex: Statements conveying preferential relationships between terms indicate which terms are to be treated as equivalent to one another.
    Ex: These currents are better understood as intimations of postmodern populism.
    Ex: Notices may be useful in this context for the user who wishes to familiarise himself with the workings of the catalogue before approaching a terminal.
    * notificación de demanda = notice of demand, notice of demand.
    * notificación oficial = official notification.
    * recibir notificación = receive + notice.

    * * *
    ( frml)
    notification ( frml)
    * * *

    notificación sustantivo femenino (frml) notification (frml)
    notificación sustantivo femenino notification
    ' notificación' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    circular
    - comunicación
    - comunicada
    - comunicado
    - aviso
    English:
    advice
    - notification
    - quit
    * * *
    notification
    * * *
    f notification
    * * *
    notificación nf, pl - ciones : notification

    Spanish-English dictionary > notificación

  • 9 duradero

    adj.
    durable, permanent, abiding, long-lasting.
    * * *
    1 durable, lasting
    * * *
    (f. - duradera)
    adj.
    durable, lasting
    * * *
    ADJ [ropa, tela] hard-wearing; [paz, efecto] lasting; [relación] lasting, long-term antes de s
    * * *
    - ra adjetivo <amistad/recuerdo> lasting (before n); <ropa/zapatos> hardwearing, longwearing (AmE)
    * * *
    = durable, sustained, lasting, enduring, everlasting, long-lasting, serviceable, abiding, enduringly + Adjetivo, long-lived, hard-wearing.
    Ex. The slips are cheaper, but less durable than cards.
    Ex. Research has shown that strong centralized control of employees is not the best way to achieve operational efficiency or sustained productivity.
    Ex. Only as his experience grew did this young man see that what he did was littered as much, if not more, with failure as it was crowned with success of a lasting kind.
    Ex. Archives are set of non-current archival documents preserved, with or without selection, by those responsible for their creation or by their successors for their own use or by other organizations because of their enduring value.
    Ex. Appraisal is the single most important function performed by an archivist because it has wide-reaching and everlasting social implications.
    Ex. By means of this method copies are long-lasting and do not fade.
    Ex. Plain calico makes a serviceable book cover but it looks better when it is coloured.
    Ex. The revision and correction of reference works is an abiding concern to the librarian and the user.
    Ex. Thus we need money, intellectual property agreements, and library collaborations to build the massive and accessible collections of enduringly valuable cultural resources that I am proposing.
    Ex. The author proposes a number of suggestions that could improve the market and solve some of its long-lived problems.
    Ex. The manufacturers of this type of artificial turf say that while the grass is soft and springy underfoot it is extremely tough and hard-wearing.
    ----
    * amor duradero = lasting love.
    * bienes duraderos = durable goods.
    * consecuencia duradera = long-lasting effect.
    * efecto duradero = lasting effect, long-lasting effect.
    * impacto duradero = lasting impact.
    * impresión duradera = lasting impression.
    * más duradero = longer-lasting.
    * papel duradero = durable paper.
    * * *
    - ra adjetivo <amistad/recuerdo> lasting (before n); <ropa/zapatos> hardwearing, longwearing (AmE)
    * * *
    = durable, sustained, lasting, enduring, everlasting, long-lasting, serviceable, abiding, enduringly + Adjetivo, long-lived, hard-wearing.

    Ex: The slips are cheaper, but less durable than cards.

    Ex: Research has shown that strong centralized control of employees is not the best way to achieve operational efficiency or sustained productivity.
    Ex: Only as his experience grew did this young man see that what he did was littered as much, if not more, with failure as it was crowned with success of a lasting kind.
    Ex: Archives are set of non-current archival documents preserved, with or without selection, by those responsible for their creation or by their successors for their own use or by other organizations because of their enduring value.
    Ex: Appraisal is the single most important function performed by an archivist because it has wide-reaching and everlasting social implications.
    Ex: By means of this method copies are long-lasting and do not fade.
    Ex: Plain calico makes a serviceable book cover but it looks better when it is coloured.
    Ex: The revision and correction of reference works is an abiding concern to the librarian and the user.
    Ex: Thus we need money, intellectual property agreements, and library collaborations to build the massive and accessible collections of enduringly valuable cultural resources that I am proposing.
    Ex: The author proposes a number of suggestions that could improve the market and solve some of its long-lived problems.
    Ex: The manufacturers of this type of artificial turf say that while the grass is soft and springy underfoot it is extremely tough and hard-wearing.
    * amor duradero = lasting love.
    * bienes duraderos = durable goods.
    * consecuencia duradera = long-lasting effect.
    * efecto duradero = lasting effect, long-lasting effect.
    * impacto duradero = lasting impact.
    * impresión duradera = lasting impression.
    * más duradero = longer-lasting.
    * papel duradero = durable paper.

    * * *
    ‹amistad/recuerdo› lasting ( before n); ‹ropa/zapatos› hardwearing, durable, longwearing ( AmE)
    * * *

    duradero
    ◊ -ra adjetivo ‹amistad/recuerdo› lasting ( before n);


    ‹ropa/zapatos› hardwearing, longwearing (AmE)
    duradero,-a adjetivo durable, lasting
    ' duradero' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    duradera
    - resistente
    - secular
    - agudeza
    - agudo
    English:
    continued
    - durable
    - enduring
    - hardwearing
    - lasting
    - long-lasting
    - serviceable
    - long
    * * *
    duradero, -a adj
    1. [que permanece] lasting;
    es una vacuna de efecto duradero it is a long-acting vaccine
    2. [ropa, zapatos] hard-wearing
    * * *
    adj lasting; ropa, calzado hard-wearing
    * * *
    duradero, -ra adj
    : durable, lasting
    * * *
    duradero adj lasting

    Spanish-English dictionary > duradero

  • 10 Westinghouse, George

    [br]
    b. 6 October 1846 Central Bridge, New York, USA
    d. 12 March 1914 New York, New York, USA
    [br]
    American inventor and entrepreneur, pioneer of air brakes for railways and alternating-current distribution of electricity.
    [br]
    George Westinghouse's father was an ingenious manufacturer of agricultural implements; the son, after a spell in the Union Army during the Civil War, and subsequently in the Navy as an engineer, went to work for his father. He invented a rotary steam engine, which proved impracticable; a rerailing device for railway rolling stock in 1865; and a cast-steel frog for railway points, with longer life than the cast-iron frogs then used, in 1868–9. During the same period Westinghouse, like many other inventors, was considering how best to meet the evident need for a continuous brake for trains, i.e. one by which the driver could apply the brakes on all vehicles in a train simultaneously instead of relying on brakesmen on individual vehicles. By chance he encountered a magazine article about the construction of the Mont Cenis Tunnel, with a description of the pneumatic tools invented for it, and from this it occurred to him that compressed air might be used to operate the brakes along a train.
    The first prototype was ready in 1869 and the Westinghouse Air Brake Company was set up to manufacture it. However, despite impressive demonstration of the brake's powers when it saved the test train from otherwise certain collision with a horse-drawn dray on a level crossing, railways were at first slow to adopt it. Then in 1872 Westinghouse added to it the triple valve, which enabled the train pipe to charge reservoirs beneath each vehicle, from which the compressed air would apply the brakes when pressure in the train pipe was reduced. This meant that the brake was now automatic: if a train became divided, the brakes on both parts would be applied. From then on, more and more American railways adopted the Westinghouse brake and the Railroad Safety Appliance Act of 1893 made air brakes compulsory in the USA. Air brakes were also adopted in most other parts of the world, although only a minority of British railway companies took them up, the remainder, with insular reluctance, preferring the less effective vacuum brake.
    From 1880 Westinghouse was purchasing patents relating to means of interlocking railway signals and points; he combined them with his own inventions to produce a complete signalling system. The first really practical power signalling scheme, installed in the USA by Westinghouse in 1884, was operated pneumatically, but the development of railway signalling required an awareness of the powers of electricity, and it was probably this that first led Westinghouse to become interested in electrical processes and inventions. The Westinghouse Electric Company was formed in 1886: it pioneered the use of electricity distribution systems using high-voltage single-phase alternating current, which it developed from European practice. Initially this was violently opposed by established operators of direct-current distribution systems, but eventually the use of alternating current became widespread.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Légion d'honneur. Order of the Crown of Italy. Order of Leopold.
    Bibliography
    Westinghouse took out some 400 patents over forty-eight years.
    Further Reading
    H.G.Prout, 1922, A Life of "George Westinghouse", London (biography inclined towards technicalities).
    F.E.Leupp, 1918, George Westinghouse: His Life and Achievements, Boston (London 1919) (biography inclined towards Westinghouse and his career).
    J.F.Stover, 1961, American Railroads, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 152–4.
    PJGR

    Biographical history of technology > Westinghouse, George

  • 11 documento de archivo

    (n.) = archival document, archival record, archival file, archival print
    Ex. Archives are set of non-current archival documents preserved, with or without selection, by those responsible for their creation or by their successors for their own use or by other organizations because of their enduring value.
    Ex. Lawyers and historians have different and possibly conflicting needs with regard to archival records and archivists should consider the requirements of both professions to maintain a balanced collection.
    Ex. The initial task of the Archive, which in 1960 had a stock of 521 archival files, was to complete the transfer of stock from other archival workplaces and to make its stock available to research workers.
    Ex. The combination will yield an archival print that will last for many decades or up to a century without fading or degradation of colour.
    * * *
    (n.) = archival document, archival record, archival file, archival print

    Ex: Archives are set of non-current archival documents preserved, with or without selection, by those responsible for their creation or by their successors for their own use or by other organizations because of their enduring value.

    Ex: Lawyers and historians have different and possibly conflicting needs with regard to archival records and archivists should consider the requirements of both professions to maintain a balanced collection.
    Ex: The initial task of the Archive, which in 1960 had a stock of 521 archival files, was to complete the transfer of stock from other archival workplaces and to make its stock available to research workers.
    Ex: The combination will yield an archival print that will last for many decades or up to a century without fading or degradation of colour.

    Spanish-English dictionary > documento de archivo

  • 12 perdurable

    adj.
    2 long-lasting (que dura mucho).
    3 lasting, lifelong, long-lasting, permanent.
    * * *
    1 (perpetuo) everlasting
    2 (duradero) long-lasting
    * * *
    ADJ (=duradero) lasting, abiding; (=perpetuo) everlasting
    * * *
    adjetivo <recuerdo/relación> lasting (before n); <vida/amor> everlasting
    * * *
    = enduring, sustainable, enduringly + Adjetivo, long-lived.
    Ex. Archives are set of non-current archival documents preserved, with or without selection, by those responsible for their creation or by their successors for their own use or by other organizations because of their enduring value.
    Ex. Development is a social, political, and economic process of change which, to be just and sustainable, must ensure the participation of all class, race and gender groups.
    Ex. Thus we need money, intellectual property agreements, and library collaborations to build the massive and accessible collections of enduringly valuable cultural resources that I am proposing.
    Ex. The author proposes a number of suggestions that could improve the market and solve some of its long-lived problems.
    * * *
    adjetivo <recuerdo/relación> lasting (before n); <vida/amor> everlasting
    * * *
    = enduring, sustainable, enduringly + Adjetivo, long-lived.

    Ex: Archives are set of non-current archival documents preserved, with or without selection, by those responsible for their creation or by their successors for their own use or by other organizations because of their enduring value.

    Ex: Development is a social, political, and economic process of change which, to be just and sustainable, must ensure the participation of all class, race and gender groups.
    Ex: Thus we need money, intellectual property agreements, and library collaborations to build the massive and accessible collections of enduringly valuable cultural resources that I am proposing.
    Ex: The author proposes a number of suggestions that could improve the market and solve some of its long-lived problems.

    * * *
    ‹recuerdo› lasting ( before n), abiding ( before n); ‹vida/amor› everlasting; ‹relación› lasting ( before n)
    * * *

    perdurable adjetivo
    1 (recuerdo, sentimiento) lasting, everlasting
    2 (objeto) durable
    ' perdurable' also found in these entries:
    English:
    abiding
    - enduring
    * * *
    1. [que dura mucho] long-lasting
    2. [que dura siempre] eternal
    * * *
    adj enduring, lasting
    * * *
    : lasting

    Spanish-English dictionary > perdurable

  • 13 в отличие от

    •

    Active current:alternating current that part in the phase with the voltage or the effective energy, as differentiated (or distinguished, or distinct) from the wattless or useless energy.

    •

    The company has achieved a 200% increase in productivity by using the robot as opposed to manual servicing.

    •

    The ultrasonic welding machine is semi-portable. By contrast, the resistance welder is a relatively cumbersome unit to move to a new location.

    •

    Unlike copper windings, permanent magnets never wear out.

    •

    Contrary to the usual practice of...

    •

    Sediments deposited by contour currents are called contourites, to set them apart from turbidites.

    * * *
    В отличие от -- as opposed to, as contrasted to, as contrasted with; in contrast with, in contrast to; as distinct from, as distinguished from; unlike, unlike for; did not... as did, had not ... as had (британская конструкция)
     Most fine-pitch gears are used to transmit motion as opposed to the transmission of power. (В отличие от силовых передач большинство...)
     This possible separation regime appears to be of the ordinary type ( as contrasted to singular separation).
     Corrosion is brought about through chemical or electrochemical action, as contrasted with erosion caused by mechanical action.
     In contrast with the thicker inlet boundary layer, there is a pronounced thinning of the layer across the rotor.
     Also in contrast to the torsion mode, the critical phase angle always represented a backward wave.
     In this context the term "flooded bearing" becomes akin to "pressurized" bearing as distinct from Mr. G.'s classification where "flooded" is associated with bearings having no supply flow rate.
     The simplified turbine acceptance test, as distinguished from the full ASME turbine acceptance test, measures feedwater flow directly.
     Another advantage is that, unlike thermocouples, all components of this system including sensors are reusable.
     Unlike for torsion, the critical phase angle for the bending modes varied with sweep.
     Two weeks float is currently shown for these facilities compared to the rest of the 1A topside facilities (... показан двухнедельный плавающий срок...)

    Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > в отличие от

  • 14 imperecedero

    adj.
    imperishable, immortal, endless, everlasting.
    * * *
    1 (producto) imperishable
    2 figurado everlasting
    * * *
    ADJ [recuerdo] immortal, undying; [legado] eternal; [fama] eternal, everlasting
    * * *
    - ra adjetivo (frml o liter) everlasting, undying
    * * *
    = enduring, everlasting, enduringly + Adjetivo.
    Ex. Archives are set of non-current archival documents preserved, with or without selection, by those responsible for their creation or by their successors for their own use or by other organizations because of their enduring value.
    Ex. Appraisal is the single most important function performed by an archivist because it has wide-reaching and everlasting social implications.
    Ex. Thus we need money, intellectual property agreements, and library collaborations to build the massive and accessible collections of enduringly valuable cultural resources that I am proposing.
    * * *
    - ra adjetivo (frml o liter) everlasting, undying
    * * *
    = enduring, everlasting, enduringly + Adjetivo.

    Ex: Archives are set of non-current archival documents preserved, with or without selection, by those responsible for their creation or by their successors for their own use or by other organizations because of their enduring value.

    Ex: Appraisal is the single most important function performed by an archivist because it has wide-reaching and everlasting social implications.
    Ex: Thus we need money, intellectual property agreements, and library collaborations to build the massive and accessible collections of enduringly valuable cultural resources that I am proposing.

    * * *
    ( frml o liter); everlasting
    y así consiguió una fama imperecedera and thus she achieved everlasting o undying fame
    * * *

    imperecedero,-a adjetivo everlasting
    figurado enduring
    ' imperecedero' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    imperecedera
    * * *
    imperecedero, -a adj
    1. [producto] non-perishable
    2. [eterno] immortal, eternal
    * * *
    adj perpetual, everlasting
    * * *
    imperecedero, -ra adj
    1) : imperishable
    2) inmortal: immortal, everlasting

    Spanish-English dictionary > imperecedero

  • 15 ход

    course, ( доменной печи) drive, driving, excursion, computation line геод., line, ( механизма) move, movement, ( шагающих балок) pitch метал., run, process, route, running, stroke, (напр. поршня) throw, trace, tracing, traverse, way
    * * *
    ход м.
    1. ( движение) motion, move, movement
    во вре́мя хо́да су́дна — while the ship is underway
    на ходу́ (напр. регулировать) — (e. g., adjust) on the go
    свои́м хо́дом (о судне, автомобиле и т. п.) — under its own power
    2. ( перемещение механизма) throw, travel; (поршня, ползуна) stroke; ( резьбы) lead
    3. (работа, эксплуатация) operation, service, action
    пуска́ть в ход — put into operation, put into service, put into action
    рабо́тать на холосто́м ходу́ — idle, run idle, run without load
    содержа́ть на ходу́ (напр. машины и т. п.) — keep (e. g., machines, etc.) in operation [in service, on the go]
    5. (развитие чего-л.) progress, course
    6. ( скорость) rate, speed
    7. (место, через которое проходят) passage; ( вход) entrance, entry
    8. (изменение или характер изменения какой-л. физической величины, как правило, в зависимости от другой) behaviour, change, dependence, variation
    9. геод., топ. computation course, computation line, route, traverse
    10. (вид движения в транспортных средствах; существует только в сочетаниях с определяющими словами):
    на гу́сеничном ходу́ — on tracks, tracked, track-laying
    на колё́сном ходу́ — on wheels, wheeled
    азимута́льный ход — azimuth(al) motion
    ход амортиза́тора — travel
    при хо́де растяже́ния амортиза́тора — during extension …
    при хо́де сжа́тия амортиза́тора — during contraction …
    ход бата́на текст. — path of lay, stroke of lathe
    ход без толчко́в — smooth motion
    бесшу́мный ход — silent [noiseless] running
    ход вверх — upstroke, upward [ascending] stroke
    ход вниз — downstroke, downward [inward, descending] stroke
    ход впу́ска двс. — suction [admission, intake, charging] stroke
    временно́й ход — time dependence, time variation, variation (of smth.) with time
    ход вса́сывания двс. — suction [admission, charging, intake] stroke
    ход вы́пуска двс. — outstroke, exhaust stroke
    высо́тный ход физ. — altitude curve, height dependence, altitudinal variations
    двойно́й ход — double stroke
    ход до́менной пе́чи — run [operation] of a blast furnace
    ход зави́симости — variation, dependence
    ход зави́симости, напр. x от y — plot of x as a function of y, behaviour of x with (variations in) y, variations in x with y
    за́дний ход — reverse movement; reverse [backward] running; ж.-д. moving back, return motion; (поршня, ползуна) back stroke
    за́мкнутый ход геод. — closed circuit
    зо́льный ход кож. — line round
    ход каре́тки
    1. вчт. carriage movement
    2. текст. pitch of the coil
    ход конта́ктов — contact travel
    ход криво́й — ( имеется в виду кривая как таковая) trend [shape, run] of a curve; (имеется в виду какая-л. физическая величина, представленная кривой):
    ход криво́й ано́дного то́ка в зави́симости от се́точного напряже́ния пока́зывает, что … — a plot of anode current against grid voltage shows that …, the manner in which anode current varies with grid voltage shows that …, the behaviour of anode current with (variations in) grid voltage shows that …
    лесоспла́вный ход — floating route
    ли́тниковый ход — sprue
    ход луча́ опт. — ray path (length)
    стро́ить ход луча́ — set up [trace] a ray
    магистра́льный ход геод. — main [primary, principal] traverse
    ма́лый ход мор. — low [slow] speed
    ход маши́ны — machine running
    мё́ртвый ход ( зазор в механизме) — backlash, lost motion, play, free travel, slack
    ход нагнета́ния двс. — pressure stroke
    неравноме́рный ход — irregular [discontinuous, uneven] running
    нивели́рный ход — line of levels, level(ling) line
    обра́тный ход — reverse [return] motion; reverse [backward] running; back stroke
    одина́рный ход — single stroke
    ход педа́ли авто — pedal stroke, pedal travel
    ход педа́ли сцепле́ния, свобо́дный — clutch pedal clearance, free travel of the clutch pedal
    пере́дний ход — forward motion; forward running; мор. advancing, aheading
    перекидно́й ход ( коксовой печи) — cross-over flue
    ход пе́чи — run [operation, working] of a furnace
    расстро́ить ход пе́чи — disturb [upset] the operation of a furnace
    ход пе́чи, горя́чий — hot run of a furnace
    ход пе́чи, неро́вный — erratic [irregular] operation of a furnace
    ход пе́чи, расстро́енный — disturbed operation of a furnace
    ход пе́чи, ро́вный — smooth [regular] operation of a furnace
    ход пе́чи, сты́лый — cold working of a furnace
    ход пе́чи, ти́хий — slow run [slow operation] of a furnace
    ход пе́чи, холо́дный — cold run of a furnace
    ход пилообра́зного напряже́ния элк. — stroke of a sawtooth voltage
    ход пилообра́зного напряже́ния, обра́тный элк. — return stroke of a sawtooth voltage
    ход пилообра́зного напряже́ния, прямо́й элк. — forward stroke of a sawtooth voltage
    ход пилообра́зного напряже́ния, рабо́чий элк. — working stroke of a sawtooth voltage
    ход пла́вки — progress of a heat
    пла́вный ход — smooth running
    ход плу́га — plough travel, plough draught
    ход подве́ски — suspension movement
    полигонометри́ческий ход — traverse, polygon(al) [polygonometric] traverse, polygonal course
    по́лный ход мор. — full speed
    рабо́чий ход двс. — working [power] stroke
    ход развё́ртки (осциллоскопа, индикатора и т. п) — sweep motion
    ход (развё́ртки), обра́тный — retrace (motion) of the sweep, flyback
    ход (развё́ртки), прямо́й — forward motion of the sweep, active phase of the sweep scan
    ход расшире́ния — двс. expansion [working, combustion, firing] stroke; ( амортизатора) extension
    са́мый ма́лый ход мор. — dead slow speed
    са́мый по́лный ход мор. — flank speed
    свобо́дный ход — free (easy) running, free travel; free wheeling
    ход сжа́тия — compression [pressure] stroke; ( рессоры или пружины) bump stroke; ( амортизатора) contraction
    споко́йный ход — smooth [quiet] running
    сре́дний ход мор. — half [moderate] speed
    су́точный ход — day [diurnal] variation
    су́точный ход магни́тного склоне́ния — diurnal changes in magnetic variatics
    теодоли́тный ход — field [theodolite] traverse
    то́почный ход — (furnace) flue
    холосто́й ход — idle [free, light, loose, no-load] running, idle [no-load] stroke
    при холосто́м хо́де эл. — at no-load
    ход часо́в — daily rate (of a time niece)
    ход часо́в, отрица́тельный — rate of losing
    ход часо́в, положи́тельный — rate of gaining
    часто́тный ход (какой-л. физической величины) — variations with frequency
    перепа́д мо́щности определя́ется часто́тным хо́дом перехо́дного ослабле́ния ответви́теля — the change in power is determined by variations in the dynamic attenuation of the coupler with frequency
    часто́тный ход оши́бки — the difference in error between the limiting frequencies
    часто́тный ход усиле́ния — plot of gain as a function of frequency, frequency dependence of gain, variations in gain with frequency
    шу́мный ход — noisy running
    ход электро́нного луча́, обра́тный — flyback, return trace, retrace
    гаси́ть обра́тный ход электро́нного луча́ — eliminate [suppress, blank] the flyback [return trace, retrace]
    ход электро́нного луча́, обра́тный по вертика́ли — vertical flyback
    ход электро́нного луча́, обра́тный по горизонта́ли — horizontal flyback
    ход электро́нного луча́, обра́тный по ка́дру — frame flyback
    ход электро́нного луча́, обра́тный по строке́ — line flyback
    ход я́коря — armature travel

    Русско-английский политехнический словарь > ход

  • 16 в отличие от

    •

    Active current:alternating current that part in the phase with the voltage or the effective energy, as differentiated (or distinguished, or distinct) from the wattless or useless energy.

    •

    The company has achieved a 200% increase in productivity by using the robot as opposed to manual servicing.

    •

    The ultrasonic welding machine is semi-portable. By contrast, the resistance welder is a relatively cumbersome unit to move to a new location.

    •

    Unlike copper windings, permanent magnets never wear out.

    •

    Contrary to the usual practice of...

    •

    Sediments deposited by contour currents are called contourites, to set them apart from turbidites.

    Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > в отличие от

  • 17 permanente2

    2 = lingering, perennial, permanent, lasting, enduring, non-volatile [nonvolatile], abiding, standing, enduringly + Adjetivo, continuing, ongoing [on-going].
    Ex. Another lingering misconception is that reference work is restricted to reference libraries.
    Ex. Housing has become a perennial problem in Britain.
    Ex. Abstracts planned primarily as alerting devices may be shorter than those abstracts which are to be stored for permanent reference.
    Ex. Only as his experience grew did this young man see that what he did was littered as much, if not more, with failure as it was crowned with success of a lasting kind.
    Ex. Archives are set of non-current archival documents preserved, with or without selection, by those responsible for their creation or by their successors for their own use or by other organizations because of their enduring value.
    Ex. A data warehouse is a subject-oriented, integrated, time-variant, nonvolatile collection of data in support of management's decision making process.
    Ex. The revision and correction of reference works is an abiding concern to the librarian and the user.
    Ex. A standing reproach to all librarians is the non-user.
    Ex. Thus we need money, intellectual property agreements, and library collaborations to build the massive and accessible collections of enduringly valuable cultural resources that I am proposing.
    Ex. They are likely to influence the future function of DC, and the way in which the scheme will evolve, but since there will be a continuing need for shelf arrangement, DC will remain necessary.
    Ex. This study has many implications for an ongoing COMARC effort beyond the present pilot project because it is evident that a very small number of libraries can furnish machine-readable records with full LC/MARC encoding.
    ----
    * conferencia permanente = standing conference.
    * decisión permanente = permanent arrangement.
    * hacer permanente = render + permanent.
    * más permanente = longer-lasting.
    * orden permanente de pago = standing account.
    * papel permanente = durable paper.
    * primer molar permanente = first molar.
    * PURL (Localizador Uniforme Permanente de Recursos) = PURL (Persistent Uniform Resource Locator).
    * ser algo permanente = be here to stay.
    * servicio de actualización permanente = current awareness, current-awareness service.

    Spanish-English dictionary > permanente2

  • 18 permanente

    adj.
    permanent.
    f.
    1 perm.
    hacerse la permanente to have a perm
    2 permanent, perm, permanent wave.
    * * *
    1 permanent, lasting
    1 (del pelo) permanent wave
    \
    servicio permanente 24-hour service
    * * *
    adj.
    * * *
    1.
    ADJ [gen] permanent; (=constante) constant; [color] fast; [comisión] standing
    2.
    SF [en pelo] permanent wave, perm *
    * * *
    I
    adjetivo permanent
    II
    1) ( en el pelo) perm

    hacerse la permanente — to have one's hair permed, to have a perm

    2) (Col) ( juzgado) emergency court ( for cases of violent crime)
    * * *
    I
    adjetivo permanent
    II
    1) ( en el pelo) perm

    hacerse la permanente — to have one's hair permed, to have a perm

    2) (Col) ( juzgado) emergency court ( for cases of violent crime)
    * * *
    permanente1

    Ex: The domains covered in the performance tests for the area of cosmetology were: hair cut, permanent wave, shampooing, wigs and hairpieces, skin care, hair conditioners (scalp and treatment), and manicuring.

    permanente2
    2 = lingering, perennial, permanent, lasting, enduring, non-volatile [nonvolatile], abiding, standing, enduringly + Adjetivo, continuing, ongoing [on-going].

    Ex: Another lingering misconception is that reference work is restricted to reference libraries.

    Ex: Housing has become a perennial problem in Britain.
    Ex: Abstracts planned primarily as alerting devices may be shorter than those abstracts which are to be stored for permanent reference.
    Ex: Only as his experience grew did this young man see that what he did was littered as much, if not more, with failure as it was crowned with success of a lasting kind.
    Ex: Archives are set of non-current archival documents preserved, with or without selection, by those responsible for their creation or by their successors for their own use or by other organizations because of their enduring value.
    Ex: A data warehouse is a subject-oriented, integrated, time-variant, nonvolatile collection of data in support of management's decision making process.
    Ex: The revision and correction of reference works is an abiding concern to the librarian and the user.
    Ex: A standing reproach to all librarians is the non-user.
    Ex: Thus we need money, intellectual property agreements, and library collaborations to build the massive and accessible collections of enduringly valuable cultural resources that I am proposing.
    Ex: They are likely to influence the future function of DC, and the way in which the scheme will evolve, but since there will be a continuing need for shelf arrangement, DC will remain necessary.
    Ex: This study has many implications for an ongoing COMARC effort beyond the present pilot project because it is evident that a very small number of libraries can furnish machine-readable records with full LC/MARC encoding.
    * conferencia permanente = standing conference.
    * decisión permanente = permanent arrangement.
    * hacer permanente = render + permanent.
    * más permanente = longer-lasting.
    * orden permanente de pago = standing account.
    * papel permanente = durable paper.
    * primer molar permanente = first molar.
    * PURL (Localizador Uniforme Permanente de Recursos) = PURL (Persistent Uniform Resource Locator).
    * ser algo permanente = be here to stay.
    * servicio de actualización permanente = current awareness, current-awareness service.

    * * *
    permanent
    servicio permanente de información 24-hour information service
    una amenaza permanente a permanent o constant threat
    ( Méx)
    permanente3 f A. (↑ permanente (3))
    hacerse la permanente to have one's hair permed, to have a perm
    B ( Col) (juzgado) emergency court ( for cases of violent crime)
    * * *

    permanente adjetivo
    permanent
    ■ sustantivo femenino
    1 ( en el pelo) perm;

    2 (Col) ( juzgado) emergency court ( for cases of violent crime)
    permanente
    I adjetivo permanent, constant
    II f (en peluquería) perm
    hacerse la permanente, to have a perm
    ' permanente' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    expulsión
    - vado
    - cajero
    - coger
    - sustitución
    - sustituto
    English:
    abiding
    - have
    - perm
    - permanent
    - regular
    - reprieve
    - standing
    - standing order
    - ATM
    - cash
    - rinse
    * * *
    ♦ adj
    permanent;
    comisión permanente standing committee
    ♦ nf
    perm;
    hacerse la permanente to have a perm
    ♦ nm
    Méx perm;
    hacerse el permanente to have a perm
    * * *
    I adj permanent
    II f o Méx
    m ( moldeado) perm
    * * *
    1) : permanent
    2) : constant
    : permanent (wave)
    * * *
    permanente1 adj permanent
    permanente2 n perm

    Spanish-English dictionary > permanente

  • 19 в направлении

    1. along the line
    2. on the line
    3. along the lines
    4. on the lines
    5. for

    Русско-английский большой базовый словарь > в направлении

  • 20 Sprague, Frank Julian

    [br]
    b. 25 July 1857 Milford, Connecticut, USA
    d. 25 October 1934 New York, USA
    [br]
    American electrical engineer and inventor, a leading innovator in electric propulsion systems for urban transport.
    [br]
    Graduating from the United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, in 1878, Sprague served at sea and with various shore establishments. In 1883 he resigned from the Navy and obtained employment with the Edison Company; but being convinced that the use of electricity for motive power was as important as that for illumination, in 1884 he founded the Sprague Electric Railway and Motor Company. Sprague began to develop reliable and efficient motors in large sizes, marketing 15 hp (11 kW) examples by 1885. He devised the method of collecting current by using a wooden, spring-loaded rod to press a roller against the underside of an overhead wire. The installation by Sprague in 1888 of a street tramway on a large scale in Richmond, Virginia, was to become the prototype of the universally adopted trolley system with overhead conductor and the beginning of commercial electric traction. Following the success of the Richmond tramway the company equipped sixty-seven other railways before its merger with Edison General Electric in 1890. The Sprague traction motor supported on the axle of electric streetcars and flexibly mounted to the bogie set a pattern that was widely adopted for many years.
    Encouraged by successful experiments with multiple-sheave electric elevators, the Sprague Elevator Company was formed and installed the first set of high-speed passenger cars in 1893–4. These effectively displaced hydraulic elevators in larger buildings. From experience with control systems for these, he developed his system of multiple-unit control for electric trains, which other engineers had considered impracticable. In Sprague's system, a master controller situated in the driver's cab operated electrically at a distance the contactors and reversers which controlled the motors distributed down the train. After years of experiment, Sprague's multiple-unit control was put into use for the first time in 1898 by the Chicago South Side Elevated Railway: within fifteen years multiple-unit operation was used worldwide.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    President, American Institute of Electrical Engineers 1892–3. Franklin Institute Elliot Cresson Medal 1904, Franklin Medal 1921. American Institute of Electrical Engineers Edison Medal 1910.
    Bibliography
    1888, "The solution of municipal rapid transit", Trans. AIEE 5:352–98. See "The multiple unit system for electric railways", Cassiers Magazine, (1899) London, repub. 1960, 439–460.
    1934, "Digging in “The Mines of the Motor”", Electrical Engineering 53, New York: 695–706 (a short autobiography).
    Further Reading
    Lionel Calisch, 1913, Electric Traction, London: The Locomotive Publishing Co., Ch. 6 (for a near-contemporary view of Sprague's multiple-unit control).
    D.C.Jackson, 1934, "Frank Julian Sprague", Scientific Monthly 57:431–41.
    H.C.Passer, 1952, "Frank Julian Sprague: father of electric traction", in Men of Business, ed. W. Miller, Cambridge, Mass., pp. 212–37 (a reliable account).
    ——1953, The Electrical Manufacturers: 1875–1900, Cambridge, Mass. P.Ransome-Wallis (ed.), 1959, The Concise Encyclopaedia of World Railway
    Locomotives, London: Hutchinson, p. 143..
    John Marshall, 1978, A Biographical Dictionary of Railway Engineers, Newton Abbot: David \& Charles.
    GW / PJGR

    Biographical history of technology > Sprague, Frank Julian

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